博览非遗 传学古今 | 鼻烟壶
作者：本站编辑
2024-03-31 19:12:04
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敬鼻烟壶是蒙古族牧民的一种日常见面礼，牧民的传统习俗。鼻烟壶明末清初传入中国后，使用鼻烟壶吸闻鼻烟在蒙古族各阶层流传开来，人们相信鼻烟可以预防疾病，为主人带来好运，开始用鼻烟壶进行相互问候和祝愿。
Respecting the snuff bottle is a daily greeting and traditional custom of Mongolian herdsmen. After the introduction of snuff bottles to China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the use of snuff bottles to inhale and smell snuff spread among various classes of the Mongolian people. People believed that snuff could prevent diseases and bring good luck to their owners, so they began to use snuff bottles to greet and wish each other.乌审旗蒙古族在这样的历史发展过程中，逐渐形成了自己的传统民间风俗习惯，这其中就包括蒙古族鼻烟壶的礼仪和制作，并传承至今。在乌审旗蒙古族家庭成员中，几乎每个人都会拥有一个甚至几个款式不同的鼻烟壶。不仅家里来了客人要使用鼻烟壶，而且出门时随身携带，遇上亲朋好友，随时拿出来进行相互之间的问候。在逢年过节、婚庆仪式、亲朋好友相聚时，人们相互见面要拿出圣洁的哈达和制作精美的鼻烟壶，相互交换，彼此向对方进行热情的问候和美好的祝愿，人们一般将鼻烟装在特制的袋子或荷包中，揣在怀里或挂在腰间，袋子的做工也十分讲究，上面用刺绣绣上代表吉祥的精美的图案和花纹。
During this historical development process, the Mongolian people in Wushen Banner gradually formed their own traditional folk customs and habits, including the etiquette and production of Mongolian snuff bottles, which has been passed down to this day. Almost every member of the Mongolian family in Wushen Banner has one or even several different styles of snuff bottles. Not only do guests at home need to use a snuff bottle, but they also carry it with them when going out. When they meet family and friends, they can always take it out to greet each other. During festivals, wedding ceremonies, and gatherings with family and friends, people should take out holy Khatas and exquisitely made snuff bottles to exchange and offer warm greetings and good wishes to each other. People usually put snuff in special bags or pouches, carry them in their arms or hang them around their waists. The workmanship of the bags is also very exquisite, with exquisite patterns and patterns representing auspiciousness embroidered on them.由于鼻烟壶是蒙古族日常礼仪的必需品，从而在民间诞生了许多能工巧匠，他们用灵巧的双手制作出各种款式的鼻烟壶。制作精细、贵重的蒙古族鼻烟壶过去多为王爷和官吏使用，普通百姓使用的则较为普通，壶身采用瓷、铜、象牙、玉石、玛瑙琥珀等材质，并镶嵌珠宝、金、银、铜等材料。蒙古族鼻烟壶的制作是一门独特、系统的手工技艺，在选材、制作方面要求严格，木工、雕刻、镶嵌等多种工艺的融合，使得其制作的程序极其繁杂。鼻烟壶的制作工艺流程主要有:选料、选材、定料、设计、手工打磨成形、雕刻、抛光、掏壶孔、配杆、配盖、镶嵌、上辅料等。几十道工序的精工细作，相互配合，使制作完成的鼻烟壶造型优美、工艺精细、镶嵌和雕刻的图案完美精致、外观色泽亮丽，使用者手感光滑、顺畅自然，带来美的享受。
Due to the fact that snuff bottles are a necessity in the daily etiquette of the Mongolian people, many skilled craftsmen have emerged in folk. They use their dexterous hands to make various styles of snuff bottles. The finely crafted and precious Mongolian snuff bottles were mostly used by nobles and officials in the past, while those used by ordinary people were relatively ordinary. The body of the pot was made of materials such as porcelain, copper, ivory, jade, agate and amber, and was inlaid with jewelry, gold, silver, copper, and other materials. The production of Mongolian snuff bottles is a unique and systematic handicraft, with strict requirements in material selection and production. The integration of various techniques such as woodworking, carving, and inlay makes the production process extremely complicated. The production process of a snuff bottle mainly includes: material selection, material selection, material selection, design, manual polishing and shaping, carving, polishing, pot hole digging, pole matching, lid matching, inlay, and adding auxiliary materials. The exquisite craftsmanship of dozens of processes, combined with each other, makes the finished snuff bottle have a beautiful shape, exquisite craftsmanship, perfect and exquisite inlaid and carved patterns, and a bright and colorful appearance, bringing smooth texture to users.策划 | IM非遗译站
文字 | 晓雨
音频 | 晓雨
图片 | 网络
封面 | Rebecca 莱莱
编辑 | Rebecca 莱莱
